Composition

Aphorisms: music versus text

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Rotore

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Opening post by Rotore

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I am picking up this writing by RedScharlach to propose a question.

RedScharlach wrote:

Anton Webern's Orchesterstück op. 10 no. 4 has nothing narrative about it: six bars, less than half a minute, a few short sounds scattered here and there. Lachenmann dedicates a couple of pages to a tight analysis of the tiny events of the piece, grouping them by affinity, identifying their consequentiality (exactly!). Then, suddenly, he changes register.

The whole thing is nothing more than a moonlight serenade of fluted sound, with echoes coming from the place where the bright trumpets play and the death-announcing trombone, an instrument of universal judgment, responds, until the military drum plays the retreat, disturbing the idyll and the lover begins to pluck the mandolin under his arm, while his beloved makes a gesture to him with a violin figuration.

[Helmut Lachenmann, Listening is useless without listening. Possibilities and difficulties.]

This Webern, re-listened to through Mahler's ear, reveals some things.

The main one seems to me the possibility of reading a novel in an aphorism: it is a matter of time scales. With Mahler we can sit down with all the calm in the world, a Symphony lasts two hours, we have all the time to enter his sound world, understand what is happening, follow the drama, participate emotionally (like reading a great late-19th-century novel). Webern, by comparison, is incredibly sparse and elliptical: we don't even have time to realize that the piece has started, and it is already finished. And yet Lachenmann demonstrates that by observing the music through a magnifying glass, equipped with great attention and great imagination, the dynamics are the same.

In short, it is not the quality of the sound events that determines narrativity; apparently, it is not even the relationship between events "in itself"; perhaps it is the possibility of describing such relationships through the categories of narration, complete with characters, conflicts, resolutions (but here I am entering the field of hypotheses).

We are talking about an aphoristic work by Webern that I would like to place alongside this poem by Ungaretti:

Soldiers

One stands as

d
of autumn

upon the trees

the leaves

i am picking up this phrase:

"Lachenmann demonstrates that by observing the music through a magnifying glass, equipped with great attention and great imagination, the dynamics are the same."

setting it aside for that of Messiaen (proposed by Frank), here it is:

Frank wrote:

I propose this interesting quotation from Messiaen regarding rhythm and the listener:

[...] he [the listener] will not have time, at the concert, to verify the non-transpositions, the non-inversions and, in that moment, these problems will no longer interest him: to be seduced, that will be his only desire. And that is exactly what will happen: he will undergo despite himself the strange fascination of impossibilities: that certain effect of tonal ubiquity of non-transposition, that certain unity of movement in the non-inversion of rhythms (or when beginning and end are confused because they are identical); all things that will progressively lead him to this kind of "theological rainbow" that tries to be the musical language, and from which we seek incitement and theoretical support.

In red is the interesting part that clashes with Lachenmann's idea ... during a concert one does not have a magnifying glass. Aside from the fact that if a lens is needed... narrativity has gone to hell, but the point of this topic is to understand the meaning of aphorism in music.

Here, thinking about Ungaretti:

"The term 'soldiers' is easily replaceable by 'men', and to war the broadest notion of life is applicable, at the moment when Ungarettian reflection universalizes itself, and reasons no longer solely and exclusively on the tragedy of war but on the absurdity of the entire human condition and on its intrinsic finitude, on its being condemned to an end like the last autumn leaves of the trees. And this parallelism between man and leaves is both a very effective image and an intertextual reference (which reconnects Ungaretti's text to those of an illustrious learned tradition) to the classical tradition, such as that of the Iliad."

For intellectual honesty, I am citing the source

http://www.oilprojec...riche-2822.html

What should be triggered in the listener after a few seconds of listening to a Webern series (which is practically the piece) or the work indicated by RedScharlach?

Clearly, I am asking to understand and not so much to nitpick the excellent forum members who are providing very interesting insights on fascinating topics.

Thanks in advance.

http://www.oilprojec...riche-2822.html

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Reply 2 by RedScharlach

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Just a clarification (though it is surely already known to everyone): the idea of the aphorism and the novel is not mine - if only! - but Schönberg's, who in the preface to Webern's op. 9 wrote

Although the brevity of these pieces is already an eloquent intercession in their favor, that very brevity nonetheless requires an intercession.

Consider how much sobriety is required to express oneself so concisely. Every glance can expand into a poem, every sigh into a novel. But to express a novel with a single gesture, a happiness with a single breath: such concentration can only be found where self-pity is equally lacking.

These pieces can only be understood by those who believe that sounds can say things that can only be expressed through sounds.

They withstand criticism as little as criticism itself, and every kind of faith.

If faith can move mountains, the infidel, on the other hand, can make them not exist. Against such impotence, faith is impotent.

Does the performer now know how to interpret these pieces, and the listener how to receive them? Can they, performers and listeners of faith, do without surrendering to one another?

And yet, what shall be done with the atheists? Iron and fire can keep them in check; excommunication is feared only by the faithful.

May this silence resonate for them!

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Reply 3 by Rotore

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Yes RedScharlach, Op. 9 was indeed mentioned... but Schoenberg's preface doesn't seem to me to address the Lachenmann/Messiaen duo... it always remains something linked to analysis and not to listening. Or how is the matter?

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Reply 5 by thallo

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As much as I am an indomitable supporter of listening, let us remember that centuries and centuries and centuries of music were conceived PRIMARILY for analysis. That is, upon listening, the differences between Josquin and, I don't know, Brumel can be minimal. Much of what is beautiful is discovered through analysis, and in the compositional tradition of the Renaissance (as in the Middle Ages or the 19th and 20th centuries), composers KNEW THIS and did it on purpose. The primary and greatest consumer of musical work is the performer (professional or amateur), and it is taken for granted that a performer is capable of performing a basic level of analysis. The "home" performer of Beethoven's sonatas understood his innovations, and they were among the first architects of the composer's success.

I do not want to make this argument absolutist. I simply want it to be understood that there is no "right" mode (listening) and "wrong," artificial, or anti-musical mode (analysis). In many historical contexts, the two activities were integrated. It may be cliché to say, but listening AFTER analysis is one of the most beautiful and rewarding things I have ever experienced :-) that is when you can truly disprove Messiaen, because if I have studied his compositional techniques BEFORE listening to one of his pieces, then my perception of time, and of events in time, will change significantly.

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Reply 6 by Chopin

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thallo wrote:

In many historical contexts the two activities were integrated

Curiosity... excluding us (those more or less advanced in our studies) ... today?

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Reply 7 by RedScharlach

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Chopin wrote:

Curiosity... setting aside us (those more or less advanced in our studies) ... today?

Today, as in the past, analysis is accessible only to those who study (not necessarily only professionals... there are amateurs too!).

Rotore wrote:

What should be triggered in the listener after a few seconds of listening to a series by Webern (which is practically the piece) or the work indicated by RedScharlach?

In addition to what Thallo said, I would add that Webern cannot be approached with "a listen and that's it": to understand what is happening, repeated listenings are necessary. And perhaps score analysis. Just like for Beethoven's Quartets (a very obvious example). Of course, the paradox is that you achieve these conditions more easily at your home than in an auditorium (all things considered... how many times have you heard Webern's op. 10 in concert? I never have).

PS When they were talking about aphorisms, I don't think Schoenberg and Webern were thinking of Ungaretti... rather, of Karl Kraus.

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