that one cannot do a course in writing. Anyway, the linked action is a solution from the past, specifically of some Bechstein pianos. The two types of spring have the same purpose and effectiveness
Excuse me, but just tell me if my intuition is correct: I noticed that in models of the key section of a grand piano, such as Renner, there is sometimes a spring between the key lever fulcrum and the key (see your video on friction). In other cases, that spring is not there. Is this, then, the tangible difference between tied and untied mechanics?
As far as I know, there is no spring between the key lever fulcrum and the key, nor have I seen one in video tutorials: perhaps you are mistaken. However, there is a spring between the key lever fulcrum and the key lever itself, as in my piano: it serves to remove a few grams by decreasing the weight and therefore the total masses, favoring inertia. In reality, it is a solution that almost all manufacturers no longer adopt. In my opinion, it is useful in the case of short keys, to avoid excessive weighting: in short, to compensate for the inertia due to the short length of the key.
As far as I know, there is no spring between the key lever fulcrum and the key, nor have I seen one in video tutorials: perhaps you are mistaken. However, there is a spring between the key lever fulcrum and the key lever, as in my piano: it serves to remove a few grams by decreasing the weight and therefore the total masses, favoring inertia. In reality, it is a solution that almost all manufacturers no longer adopt. In my opinion, it is useful in the case of short keys, to avoid too much weighting: in short, to compensate for the inertia due to the short length of the key.
So the spring between the fulcrum and the key lever is a sort of balancing. Thank you for the clarification, it will now be useful for me to evaluate different piano models.